Fast, transparent, open calculations

Practical tools for investors who want clearer decisions.

Run compound growth, DCA, ROI, rent-vs-buy, FIRE, mortgage payoff, and real estate investment scenarios in seconds. No sign-ups. No fluff.

Calculator Workspace

Inputs

Results

Total Contributions
Total Growth
Final Balance
How compounding works: Compound interest earns returns on your returns. The longer your money compounds, the faster it grows. Even small differences in return rate or time horizon can produce dramatically different outcomes over decades.

Inputs

Results

Total Invested
Growth Earned
Estimated Ending Value
Dollar-cost averaging explained: DCA means investing a fixed amount at regular intervals regardless of price. You buy more shares when prices are low and fewer when prices are high, which can reduce the impact of short-term volatility on your average cost basis over time.

Inputs

Results

Total Return
Percent Return
Annualized Return
Why annualized return matters: A 100% total return over 10 years is very different from 100% over 2 years. Annualizing lets you compare investments with different time horizons on equal footing.

Property & Financing

Taxes, insurance, maintenance

Investment Analysis

Monthly Cash Flow
Annual Cash Flow
Cash-on-Cash Return
Cap Rate
Monthly Mortgage Payment
Estimated Value at Exit
Estimated Equity at Exit
Total Projected Profit
Real estate as an investment: Property investing combines rental income, appreciation, leverage, and tax advantages. Cash-on-cash return measures annual pre-tax cash flow against the total cash invested. Always account for vacancy, maintenance, and capital expenditures when modeling returns.

Assumptions

Comparison

Total Cost of Owning
Equity Built (at exit)
Net Cost of Owning
Total Cost of Renting
OwnRent
Enter your assumptions to compare.
Rent vs buy is personal: The right choice depends on your timeline, local market conditions, opportunity cost of the down payment, and lifestyle flexibility. Short stays often favor renting, while long holds favor buying.

Inputs

Results

Future Purchasing Power
Purchasing Power Lost
Equivalent Future Amount Needed
Inflation is invisible erosion: Even moderate inflation of 3% per year cuts your purchasing power roughly in half over 24 years. This is why investing matters — keeping money idle means losing ground to rising prices every year.

Inputs

Optional — for showing doubled value

Time to Double

Rule of 72
Rule of 69.3
Exact (ln(2)/ln(1+r))
Doubled Amount
Best Quick Estimate
Rule of 72 vs 69: The Rule of 72 is the classic mental-math shortcut — divide 72 by your return rate to estimate years to double. The Rule of 69.3 uses the natural logarithm of 2 and is slightly more precise for continuous compounding. At typical market rates (6-10%), both give useful approximations within a few months of the exact answer.

Inputs

Monthly Savings Needed

Monthly Amount
Total You Will Contribute
Growth From Returns
Current Savings Will Grow To

At Different Return Rates

At 4%
At 6%
At 8%
At 10%
Goal-based saving: Working backward from a target makes savings tangible. Knowing exactly how much per month you need removes ambiguity and turns a vague goal into a concrete plan. The rate of return you earn dramatically affects how much of the heavy lifting your money does for you.

Loan Details

Amount above your normal payment

Payoff Analysis

Normal Monthly Payment
With Extra Payment
Original Payoff
New Payoff
Time Saved
Interest Without Extra
Interest With Extra
Total Interest Saved
Extra payments compound in reverse: Every extra dollar you pay reduces principal, which reduces the interest charged on all future payments. Even modest extra payments early in the loan term can shave years off and save tens of thousands in interest.

Your Numbers

Classic is 4%

FIRE Analysis

Savings Rate
Annual Savings
FIRE Number (Target Portfolio)
Remaining to Save
Years to FIRE
The math behind FIRE: Financial independence means having enough invested that your portfolio's returns cover your living expenses. The 4% rule suggests that withdrawing 4% annually from a diversified portfolio has historically sustained a 30-year retirement. Your savings rate is the single most important variable — even small increases in savings rate dramatically reduce years to FIRE.

Compare Scenarios

Scenario A

Scenario B

Key Assumptions Reference

Stock Market Returns (S&P 500)

PeriodAnnualized ReturnWith Dividends
1926 – 202410.3%~12%
1990 – 202410.5%~12.2%
2000 – 20247.5%~9.8%
2010 – 202413.0%~15.2%
Real return (inflation-adj)~7% long-term average

Inflation (U.S. CPI)

PeriodAverage Annual
1926 – 20242.9%
1990 – 20242.6%
2000 – 20242.5%
2020 – 20244.9%
Fed target2.0%

Mortgage Rates (30-Year Fixed)

PeriodAverage Rate
1971 – 20247.7%
2000 – 20245.1%
2010 – 20204.0%
2021 – 20245.8%
Current (2025)~6.5 – 7.0%

Real Estate Appreciation

PeriodAnnualized
1991 – 2024 (Case-Shiller)4.6%
2000 – 20244.8%
2010 – 20246.8%
Real return (inflation-adj)~1.5 – 2%
Conservative planning input2 – 3%

Why Investment.tools

Fast, transparent calculators

Every calculation runs instantly in your browser using standard financial formulas. No hidden assumptions, no black boxes, no server round-trips.

Practical scenarios, not fluff

Built for real decisions — property acquisitions, portfolio growth, rent-vs-buy tradeoffs, FIRE planning, and mortgage payoff strategy.

Built for real-world decisions

No sign-ups, no paywalls, no data collection. Share scenarios via URL, export to PDF, or compare two scenarios side by side.

Methodology

How these tools work, what they assume, and what they cannot tell you.

Assumptions shape outcomes

Every calculator produces results based entirely on the inputs you provide. A 1% change in expected return or a 5-year change in time horizon can shift results by tens of thousands of dollars. Always run multiple scenarios — optimistic, realistic, and conservative — to understand the range of outcomes.

Calculators are scenario tools

These tools model hypothetical outcomes under constant assumptions. Real markets fluctuate, tax laws change, expenses surprise you, and life rarely follows a straight line. Use calculators to build intuition and compare options — not to predict the future with precision.

Compounding, inflation, and risk

Compounding accelerates growth over time, but inflation erodes it. Risk means your actual path will look nothing like a smooth curve. The longer your time horizon, the more compounding works in your favor, but only if you stay invested through volatility.

Frequently Asked Questions

Our calculators use standard financial formulas and produce mathematically precise results based on the assumptions you enter. Real-world outcomes will differ because markets, interest rates, taxes, and fees change over time. Use these as scenario-planning tools, not as guarantees.

No. Investment.tools provides informational calculators only and does not provide financial, tax, or investment advice. Results are based entirely on user-entered assumptions and should not be used as the sole basis for any financial decision.

Each calculator uses the inputs you provide — return rates, time horizons, contribution amounts, and other variables. The projections assume constant rates and consistent contributions, which rarely match real-world conditions exactly. Adjust inputs freely to model different scenarios.

Use calculators to compare scenarios, not to predict outcomes. Run multiple inputs — optimistic, realistic, and conservative — to understand the range of possible results. Pay special attention to how small changes in assumptions create large differences in outcomes.

Yes. Use the Real Estate Investment Calculator to model property returns, then compare those outputs against the Compound Interest or DCA calculators. Better yet, use the Comparison Mode to run two scenarios side by side.

Markets are inherently volatile. Annual returns in stocks have historically ranged from roughly -37% to +50% in any given year, even though long-term averages hover around 7-10%. Compounding amplifies both gains and losses, which is why time horizon and consistency matter more than any single year's performance.